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Vacuum Pumps for Steel Degassing: Enhancing Steel Quality and Efficiency
Introduction to Vacuum Pumps for Steel Degassing In the early 1900s, the steel industry struggled with poor-quality steel due to hydrogen and nitrogen gases trapped in molten steel. During cooling and solidification, dissolved hydrogen forms pinholes and pores, leading to defects and reduced yield strength. Even a few parts per million of hydrogen can compromise steel integrity. Vacuum pumps for steel degassing have become a critical solution for producing high-quality steel alloys, especially for industries like automotive, aerospace, and railways. By removing excess hydrogen and carbon from molten steel, vacuum pumps prevent defects and enhance steel performance. Why Vacuum Degassing is Essential Improved Steel Quality : Reduces hydrogen-induced defects like pinholes and porosity. Enhanced Ductility : Low-carbon steel becomes more ductile, making it easier to shape using stamping and forming machines. Faster Production : Eliminates the need for slow cooli...
Basic Concepts of Sputtering Targets
Introduction and Background Information of Sputtering Targets In the vast field of material science, sputtering targets play a crucial role. Sputtering targets, often referred to as thin-film deposition targets, are the core materials used in thin-film production. They have profound significance in the history of material science, especially with the rise of the semiconductor and microelectronics industries. Advances in thin-film production techniques, such as magnetron sputtering and electron beam evaporation, have heavily relied on the development and use of high-quality sputtering targets. Types and Characteristics of Sputtering Targets Metal Targets: Metal targets are the most common type, including materials like copper, aluminum, gold, and silver. These targets are known for their high electrical conductivity and excellent thermal properties. In thin-film production, metal targets are typically used to create conductive films, such as pathways in electronic devices....
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